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Crescentius Vespasianus
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 Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 3:36 am Post subject: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
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Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the deaths
and misery of others, has returned to his tried and true game plan. But
this time he's going to profit off of his wife's misery and possible death.
On the Edwards for President web site you can send a "get well soon" card,
to his wife Elizabeth. But if you fill out the form and send the card,
expect to receive an email from the Edwards campaign asking for money. Also
your name will be added to a contributors list, and forwarded to the DNC.
SOP, for John Edwards, to profit off of someone else's misfortune, even if
it's his wife. |
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Sam Cade
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:03 am Post subject: Re: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
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Crescentius Vespasianus wrote:
| Quote: |
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the deaths
and misery of others, has returned to his tried and true game plan. But
this time he's going to profit off of his wife's misery and possible death.
On the Edwards for President web site you can send a "get well soon" card,
to his wife Elizabeth. But if you fill out the form and send the card,
expect to receive an email from the Edwards campaign asking for money. Also
your name will be added to a contributors list, and forwarded to the DNC.
SOP, for John Edwards, to profit off of someone else's misfortune, even if
it's his wife.
By contrast: |
http://www.roman-emperors.org/vespasia.htm
Early Life and Career
Vespasian was born at Falacrina near Sabine Reate on 17 November, A.D.
9, the son of T. Flavius Sabinus, a successful tax collector and banker,
and Vespasia Polla. Both parents were of equestrian status. Few details
of his first fifteen years survive, yet it appears that his father and
mother were often away from home on business for long periods. As a
result, Vespasian's early education became the responsibility of his
paternal grandmother, Tertulla. [[1]] In about A.D. 25 Vespasian assumed
the toga virilis and later accepted the wearing of the latus clavus, and
with it the senatorial path that his older brother, T. Flavius Sabinus,
had already chosen. [[2]] Although many of the particulars are lacking,
the posts typically occupied by one intent upon a senatorial career soon
followed: a military tribunate in Thrace, perhaps for three or four
years; a quaestorship in Crete-Cyrene; and the offices of aedile and
praetor, successively, under the emperor Gaius. [[3]]
It was during this period that Vespasian married Flavia Domitilla.
Daughter of a treasury clerk and former mistress of an African knight,
Flavia lacked the social standing and family connections that the
politically ambitious usually sought through marriage. In any case, the
couple produced three children, a daughter, also named Flavia Domitilla,
and two sons, the future emperors Titus and Domitian . Flavia did not
live to witness her husband's emperorship and after her death Vespasian
returned to his former mistress Caenis, who had been secretary to
Antonia (daughter of Marc Antony and mother of Claudius). Caenis
apparently exerted considerable influence over Vespasian, prompting
Suetonius to assert that she remained his wife in all but name, even
after he became emperor. [[4]]
Following the assassination of Gaius on 24 January, A.D. 41, Vespasian
advanced rapidly, thanks in large part to the new princeps Claudius,
whose favor the Flavians had wisely secured with that of Antonia, the
mother of Germanicus, and of Claudius' freedmen, especially Narcissus.
[[5]] The emperor soon dispatched Vespasian to Argentoratum (Strasbourg)
as legatus legionis II Augustae, apparently to prepare the legion for
the invasion of Britain. Vespasian first appeared at the battle of
Medway in A.D. 43, and soon thereafter led his legion across the south
of England, where he engaged the enemy thirty times in battle, subdued
two tribes, and conquered the Isle of Wight. According to Suetonius,
these operations were conducted partly under Claudius and partly under
Vespasian's commander, Aulus Plautius. Vespasian's contributions,
however, did not go unnoticed; he received the ornamenta triumphalia and
two priesthoods from Claudius for his exploits in Britain. [[6]]
By the end of A.D. 51 Vespasian had reached the consulship, the pinnacle
of a political career at Rome. For reasons that remain obscure he
withdrew from political life at this point, only to return when chosen
proconsul of Africa about A.D. 63-64. His subsequent administration of
the province was marked by severity and parsimony, earning him a
reputation for being scrupulous but unpopular. [[7]] Upon completion of
his term, Vespasian returned to Rome where, as a senior senator, he
became a man of influence in the emperor Nero's court. [[8]] Important
enough to be included on Nero's tour of Greece in A.D. 66-67, Vespasian
soon found himself in the vicinity of increasing political turbulence in
the East. The situation would prove pivotal in advancing his career.
Judaea and the Accession to Power
In response to rioting in Caesarea and Jerusalem that had led to the
slaughter in the latter city of Jewish leaders and Roman soldiers, Nero
granted to Vespasian in A.D. 66 a special command in the East with the
objective of settling the revolt in Judaea. By spring A.D. 67, with
60,000 legionaries, auxiliaries, and allies under his control, Vespasian
set out to subdue Galilee and then to cut off Jerusalem. Success was
quick and decisive. By October all of Galilee had been pacified and
plans for the strategic encirclement of Jerusalem were soon formed.
[[9]] Meanwhile, at the other end of the empire, the revolts of Gaius
Iulius Vindex, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, and Servius Sulpicius
Galba , governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, had brought Nero's reign to
the brink of collapse. The emperor committed suicide in June, A.D. 68,
thereby ensuring chaos for the next eighteen months, as first Galba and
then Marcus Salvius Otho and Aulus Vitellius acceded to power. Each
lacked broad-based military and senatorial support; each would be
violently deposed in turn. [[10]]
Still occupied with plans against Jerusalem, Vespasian swore allegiance
to each emperor. Shortly after Vitellius assumed power in spring, A.D.
69, however, Vespasian met on the border of Judaea and Syria with Gaius
Licinius Mucianus, governor of Syria, and after a series of private and
public consultations, the two decided to revolt. [[11]] On July 1, at
the urging of Tiberius Alexander, prefect of Egypt, the legions of
Alexandria declared for Vespasian, as did the legions of Judaea two days
later. By August all of Syria and the Danube legions had done likewise.
Vespasian next dispatched Mucianus to Italy with 20,000 troops, while he
set out from Syria to Alexandria in order to control grain shipments for
the purpose of starving Italy into submission. [[12]] The siege of
Jerusalem he placed in the hands of his son Titus.
Meanwhile, the Danubian legions, unwilling to wait for Mucianus'
arrival, began their march against Vitellius ' forces. The latter army,
suffering from a lack of discipline and training, and unaccustomed to
the heat of Rome, was defeated at Cremona in late October. [[13]] By
mid-December the Flavian forces had reached Carsulae, 95 kilometers
north of Rome on the Flaminian Road, where the Vitellians, with no
further hope of reinforcements, soon surrendered. At Rome, unable to
persuade his followers to accept terms for his abdication, Vitellius was
in peril. On the morning of December 20 the Flavian army entered Rome.
By that afternoon, the emperor was dead. [[14]]
Tacitus records that by December 22, A.D. 69, Vespasian had been given
all the honors and privileges usually granted to emperors. Even so, the
issue remains unclear, owing largely to a surviving fragment of an
enabling law, the lex de imperio Vespasiani, which conferred powers,
privileges, and exemptions, most with Julio-Claudian precedents, on the
new emperor. Whether the fragment represents a typical granting of
imperial powers that has uniquely survived in Vespasian's case, or is an
attempt to limit or expand such powers, remains difficult to know. In
any case, the lex sanctioned all that Vespasian had done up to its
passing and gave him authority to act as he saw fit on behalf of the
Roman people. [[15]]
What does seem clear is that Vespasian felt the need to legitimize his
new reign with vigor. He zealously publicized the number of divine omens
that predicted his accession and at every opportunity he accumulated
multiple consulships and imperial salutations. He also actively promoted
the principle of dynastic succession, insisting that the emperorship
would fall to his son. The initiative was fulfilled when Titus succeeded
his father in A.D. 79.[[16]]
Emperorship
Upon his arrival in Rome in late summer, A.D. 70, Vespasian faced the
daunting task of restoring a city and a government ravaged by the recent
civil wars. Although many particulars are missing, a portrait
nevertheles emerges of a ruler conscientiously committed to the
methodical renewal of both city and empire. Concerning Rome itself, the
emperor encouraged rebuilding on vacated lots, restored the Capitol
(burned in A.D. 69), and also began work on several new buildings: a
temple to the deified Claudius on the Caelian Hill, a project designed
to identify Vespasian as a legitimate heir to the Julio-Claudians, while
distancing himself from Nero ; a temple of Peace near the Forum; and the
magnificent Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre), located on the site of the
lake of Nero 's Golden House. [[17]]
Claiming that he needed forty thousand million sesterces for these
projects and for others aimed at putting the state on more secure
footing, Vespasian is said to have revoked various imperial immunities,
manipulated the supply of certain commodities to inflate their price,
and increased provincial taxation. [[18]] The measures are consistent
with his characterization in the sources as both obdurate and
avaricious. There were occasional political problems as well: Helvidius
Priscus, an advocate of senatorial independence and a critic of the
Flavian regime from the start, was exiled after A.D. 75 and later
executed; Marcellus Eprius and A. Alienus Caecina were condemned by
Titus for conspiracy, the former committing suicide, the latter executed
in A.D. 79.
As Suetonius claims, however, in financial matters Vespasian always put
revenues to the best possible advantage, regardless of their source.
Tacitus, too, offers a generally favorable assessment, citing Vespasian
as the first man to improve after becoming emperor. [[19]] Thus do we
find the princeps offering subventions to senators not possessing the
property qualifications of their rank, restoring many cities throughout
the empire, and granting state salaries for the first time to teachers
of Latin and Greek rhetoric. To enhance Roman economic and social life
even further, he encouraged theatrical productions by building a new
stage for the Theatre of Marcellus, and he also put on lavish state
dinners to assist the food trades. [[20]]
In other matters the emperor displayed similar concern. He restored the
depleted ranks of the senatorial and equestrian orders with eligible
Italian and provincial candidates and reduced the backlog of pending
court cases at Rome. Vespasian also re-established discipline in the
army, while punishing or dismissing large numbers of Vitellius ' men.
[[21]]
Beyond Rome, the emperor increased the number of legions in the East and
continued the process of imperial expansion by the annexation of
northern England, the pacification of Wales, and by advances into
Scotland and southwest Germany between the Rhine and the Danube.
Vespasian also conferred rights on communities abroad, especially in
Spain, where the granting of Latin rights to all native communities
contributed to the rapid Romanization of that province during the
Imperial period. [[22]]
Death and Assessment
In contrast to his immediate imperial predecessors, Vespasian died
peacefully - at Aquae Cutiliae near his birthplace in Sabine country on
23 June, A.D. 79, after contracting a brief illness. The occasion is
said to have inspired his deathbed quip: "Oh my, I must be turning into
a god!" [[23]] In fact, public deification did follow his death, as did
his internment in the Mausoleum of Augustus alongside the Julio-Claudians.
A man of strict military discipline and simple tastes, Vespasian proved
to be a conscientious and generally tolerant administrator. More
importantly, following the upheavals of A.D. 68-69, his reign was
welcome for its general tranquility and restoration of peace. In
Vespasian Rome found a leader who made no great breaks with tradition,
yet his ability ro rebuild the empire and especially his willingness to
expand the composition of the governing class helped to establish a
positive working model for the "good emperors" of the second century. |
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Sam Cade
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:05 am Post subject: Re: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
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Sam Cade wrote:
| Quote: |
Crescentius Vespasianus wrote:
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the
deaths
and misery of others, has returned to his tried and true game plan. But
this time he's going to profit off of his wife's misery and possible
death.
On the Edwards for President web site you can send a "get well soon"
card,
to his wife Elizabeth. But if you fill out the form and send the card,
expect to receive an email from the Edwards campaign asking for
money. Also
your name will be added to a contributors list, and forwarded to the DNC.
SOP, for John Edwards, to profit off of someone else's misfortune,
even if
it's his wife.
By contrast:
http://www.roman-emperors.org/vespasia.htm
Early Life and Career
Vespasian was born at Falacrina near Sabine Reate on 17 November, A.D.
9, the son of T. Flavius Sabinus, a successful tax collector and banker,
and Vespasia Polla. Both parents were of equestrian status. Few details
of his first fifteen years survive, yet it appears that his father and
mother were often away from home on business for long periods. As a
result, Vespasian's early education became the responsibility of his
paternal grandmother, Tertulla. [[1]] In about A.D. 25 Vespasian assumed
the toga virilis and later accepted the wearing of the latus clavus, and
with it the senatorial path that his older brother, T. Flavius Sabinus,
had already chosen. [[2]] Although many of the particulars are lacking,
the posts typically occupied by one intent upon a senatorial career soon
followed: a military tribunate in Thrace, perhaps for three or four
years; a quaestorship in Crete-Cyrene; and the offices of aedile and
praetor, successively, under the emperor Gaius. [[3]]
It was during this period that Vespasian married Flavia Domitilla.
Daughter of a treasury clerk and former mistress of an African knight,
Flavia lacked the social standing and family connections that the
politically ambitious usually sought through marriage. In any case, the
couple produced three children, a daughter, also named Flavia Domitilla,
and two sons, the future emperors Titus and Domitian . Flavia did not
live to witness her husband's emperorship and after her death Vespasian
returned to his former mistress Caenis, who had been secretary to
Antonia (daughter of Marc Antony and mother of Claudius). Caenis
apparently exerted considerable influence over Vespasian, prompting
Suetonius to assert that she remained his wife in all but name, even
after he became emperor. [[4]]
Following the assassination of Gaius on 24 January, A.D. 41, Vespasian
advanced rapidly, thanks in large part to the new princeps Claudius,
whose favor the Flavians had wisely secured with that of Antonia, the
mother of Germanicus, and of Claudius' freedmen, especially Narcissus.
[[5]] The emperor soon dispatched Vespasian to Argentoratum (Strasbourg)
as legatus legionis II Augustae, apparently to prepare the legion for
the invasion of Britain. Vespasian first appeared at the battle of
Medway in A.D. 43, and soon thereafter led his legion across the south
of England, where he engaged the enemy thirty times in battle, subdued
two tribes, and conquered the Isle of Wight. According to Suetonius,
these operations were conducted partly under Claudius and partly under
Vespasian's commander, Aulus Plautius. Vespasian's contributions,
however, did not go unnoticed; he received the ornamenta triumphalia and
two priesthoods from Claudius for his exploits in Britain. [[6]]
By the end of A.D. 51 Vespasian had reached the consulship, the pinnacle
of a political career at Rome. For reasons that remain obscure he
withdrew from political life at this point, only to return when chosen
proconsul of Africa about A.D. 63-64. His subsequent administration of
the province was marked by severity and parsimony, earning him a
reputation for being scrupulous but unpopular. [[7]] Upon completion of
his term, Vespasian returned to Rome where, as a senior senator, he
became a man of influence in the emperor Nero's court. [[8]] Important
enough to be included on Nero's tour of Greece in A.D. 66-67, Vespasian
soon found himself in the vicinity of increasing political turbulence in
the East. The situation would prove pivotal in advancing his career.
Judaea and the Accession to Power
In response to rioting in Caesarea and Jerusalem that had led to the
slaughter in the latter city of Jewish leaders and Roman soldiers, Nero
granted to Vespasian in A.D. 66 a special command in the East with the
objective of settling the revolt in Judaea. By spring A.D. 67, with
60,000 legionaries, auxiliaries, and allies under his control, Vespasian
set out to subdue Galilee and then to cut off Jerusalem. Success was
quick and decisive. By October all of Galilee had been pacified and
plans for the strategic encirclement of Jerusalem were soon formed.
[[9]] Meanwhile, at the other end of the empire, the revolts of Gaius
Iulius Vindex, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, and Servius Sulpicius
Galba , governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, had brought Nero's reign to
the brink of collapse. The emperor committed suicide in June, A.D. 68,
thereby ensuring chaos for the next eighteen months, as first Galba and
then Marcus Salvius Otho and Aulus Vitellius acceded to power. Each
lacked broad-based military and senatorial support; each would be
violently deposed in turn. [[10]]
Still occupied with plans against Jerusalem, Vespasian swore allegiance
to each emperor. Shortly after Vitellius assumed power in spring, A.D.
69, however, Vespasian met on the border of Judaea and Syria with Gaius
Licinius Mucianus, governor of Syria, and after a series of private and
public consultations, the two decided to revolt. [[11]] On July 1, at
the urging of Tiberius Alexander, prefect of Egypt, the legions of
Alexandria declared for Vespasian, as did the legions of Judaea two days
later. By August all of Syria and the Danube legions had done likewise.
Vespasian next dispatched Mucianus to Italy with 20,000 troops, while he
set out from Syria to Alexandria in order to control grain shipments for
the purpose of starving Italy into submission. [[12]] The siege of
Jerusalem he placed in the hands of his son Titus.
Meanwhile, the Danubian legions, unwilling to wait for Mucianus'
arrival, began their march against Vitellius ' forces. The latter army,
suffering from a lack of discipline and training, and unaccustomed to
the heat of Rome, was defeated at Cremona in late October. [[13]] By
mid-December the Flavian forces had reached Carsulae, 95 kilometers
north of Rome on the Flaminian Road, where the Vitellians, with no
further hope of reinforcements, soon surrendered. At Rome, unable to
persuade his followers to accept terms for his abdication, Vitellius was
in peril. On the morning of December 20 the Flavian army entered Rome.
By that afternoon, the emperor was dead. [[14]]
Tacitus records that by December 22, A.D. 69, Vespasian had been given
all the honors and privileges usually granted to emperors. Even so, the
issue remains unclear, owing largely to a surviving fragment of an
enabling law, the lex de imperio Vespasiani, which conferred powers,
privileges, and exemptions, most with Julio-Claudian precedents, on the
new emperor. Whether the fragment represents a typical granting of
imperial powers that has uniquely survived in Vespasian's case, or is an
attempt to limit or expand such powers, remains difficult to know. In
any case, the lex sanctioned all that Vespasian had done up to its
passing and gave him authority to act as he saw fit on behalf of the
Roman people. [[15]]
What does seem clear is that Vespasian felt the need to legitimize his
new reign with vigor. He zealously publicized the number of divine omens
that predicted his accession and at every opportunity he accumulated
multiple consulships and imperial salutations. He also actively promoted
the principle of dynastic succession, insisting that the emperorship
would fall to his son. The initiative was fulfilled when Titus succeeded
his father in A.D. 79.[[16]]
Emperorship
Upon his arrival in Rome in late summer, A.D. 70, Vespasian faced the
daunting task of restoring a city and a government ravaged by the recent
civil wars. Although many particulars are missing, a portrait
nevertheles emerges of a ruler conscientiously committed to the
methodical renewal of both city and empire. Concerning Rome itself, the
emperor encouraged rebuilding on vacated lots, restored the Capitol
(burned in A.D. 69), and also began work on several new buildings: a
temple to the deified Claudius on the Caelian Hill, a project designed
to identify Vespasian as a legitimate heir to the Julio-Claudians, while
distancing himself from Nero ; a temple of Peace near the Forum; and the
magnificent Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre), located on the site of the
lake of Nero 's Golden House. [[17]]
Claiming that he needed forty thousand million sesterces for these
projects and for others aimed at putting the state on more secure
footing, Vespasian is said to have revoked various imperial immunities,
manipulated the supply of certain commodities to inflate their price,
and increased provincial taxation. [[18]] The measures are consistent
with his characterization in the sources as both obdurate and
avaricious. There were occasional political problems as well: Helvidius
Priscus, an advocate of senatorial independence and a critic of the
Flavian regime from the start, was exiled after A.D. 75 and later
executed; Marcellus Eprius and A. Alienus Caecina were condemned by
Titus for conspiracy, the former committing suicide, the latter executed
in A.D. 79.
As Suetonius claims, however, in financial matters Vespasian always put
revenues to the best possible advantage, regardless of their source.
Tacitus, too, offers a generally favorable assessment, citing Vespasian
as the first man to improve after becoming emperor. [[19]] Thus do we
find the princeps offering subventions to senators not possessing the
property qualifications of their rank, restoring many cities throughout
the empire, and granting state salaries for the first time to teachers
of Latin and Greek rhetoric. To enhance Roman economic and social life
even further, he encouraged theatrical productions by building a new
stage for the Theatre of Marcellus, and he also put on lavish state
dinners to assist the food trades. [[20]]
In other matters the emperor displayed similar concern. He restored the
depleted ranks of the senatorial and equestrian orders with eligible
Italian and provincial candidates and reduced the backlog of pending
court cases at Rome. Vespasian also re-established discipline in the
army, while punishing or dismissing large numbers of Vitellius ' men.
[[21]]
Beyond Rome, the emperor increased the number of legions in the East and
continued the process of imperial expansion by the annexation of
northern England, the pacification of Wales, and by advances into
Scotland and southwest Germany between the Rhine and the Danube.
Vespasian also conferred rights on communities abroad, especially in
Spain, where the granting of Latin rights to all native communities
contributed to the rapid Romanization of that province during the
Imperial period. [[22]]
Death and Assessment
In contrast to his immediate imperial predecessors, Vespasian died
peacefully - at Aquae Cutiliae near his birthplace in Sabine country on
23 June, A.D. 79, after contracting a brief illness. The occasion is
said to have inspired his deathbed quip: "Oh my, I must be turning into
a god!" [[23]] In fact, public deification did follow his death, as did
his internment in the Mausoleum of Augustus alongside the Julio-Claudians.
A man of strict military discipline and simple tastes, Vespasian proved
to be a conscientious and generally tolerant administrator. More
importantly, following the upheavals of A.D. 68-69, his reign was
welcome for its general tranquility and restoration of peace. In
Vespasian Rome found a leader who made no great breaks with tradition,
yet his ability ro rebuild the empire and especially his willingness to
expand the composition of the governing class helped to establish a
positive working model for the "good emperors" of the second century.
Since the scholarship on Vespasian is more comprehensive than can be |
treated here, the works listed below are main accounts or bear directly
upon issues discussed in the entry above. A comprehensive modern
anglophone study of this emperor is yet to be produced.
Atti congresso internazionale di studi Flaviani, 2 vols. Rieti, 1983.
Atti congresso internazionale di studi Vespasianei, 2 vols. Rieti, 1981.
Bosworth, A.B. "Vespasian and the Provinces: Some Problems of the Early
70s A.D." Athenaeum 51 (1973): 49-78.
Brunt, P. A. "Lex de imperio Vespasiani." JRS (67) 1977: 95-116.
D'Espèrey, S. Franchet. "Vespasien, Titus et la littérature." ANRW
II.32.5: 3048-3086.
Dudley, D. and Webster, G. The Roman Conquest of Britain. London, 1965.
Gonzalez, J. "The Lex Irnitana: A New Copy of the Flavian Municipal
Law." JRS 76 (1986): 147-243.
Grant, M. The Roman Emperors: A Biographical Guide to the Rulers of
Rome, 31 B.C. - A.D. 476. New York, 1985.
Homo, L. Vespasien, l'Empereur du bons sens (69-79 ap. J.-C.). Paris, 1949.
Levi, M.A. "I Flavi." ANRW II.2: 177-207.
McCrum, M. and Woodhead, A. G. Select Documents of the Principates of
the Flavian Emperors Including the Year of the Revolution. Cambridge, 1966.
Nicols, John. Vespasian and the Partes Flavianae. Wiesbaden, 1978.
Scarre, C. Chronicle of the Roman Emperors. The Reign-by-Reign Record of
the Rulers of Imperial Rome. London, 1995.
Suddington, D. B. The Development of the Roman Auxiliary Forces from
Caesar to Vespasian, 49 B.C. - A.D. 79. Harare: U. of Zimbabwe, 1982.
Syme, R. Tacitus. Oxford, 1958.
Wardel, David. "Vespasian, Helvidius Priscus and the Restoration of the
Capitol." Historia 45 (1996): 208-222.
Wellesley, K. The Long Year: A.D. 69. Bristol, 1989, 2nd ed.
Notes
[[1]] Suet. Vesp. 2.1. Suetonius remains the major source but see also
Tac. Hist. 2-5; Cass. Dio 65; Joseph. BJ 3-4.
[[2]] Suetonius (Vesp. 2.1) claims that Vespasian did not accept the
latus clavus, the broad striped toga worn by one aspiring to a
senatorial career, immediately. The delay, however, was perhaps no more
than three years. See J. Nicols, Vespasian and the Partes Flavianae
(Wiesbaden, 1978), 2.
[[3]] Military tribunate and quaestorship: Suet. Vesp. 2.3; aedileship:
ibid., 5.3, in which Gaius, furious that Vespasian had not kept the
streets clean, as was his duty, ordered some soldiers to load him with
filth;,they complied by stuffing his toga with as much as it could hold.
See also Dio 59.12.2-3; praetorship: Suet. Vesp. 2.3, in which Vespasian
is depicted as one of Gaius' leading adulators, an account consistent
with Tacitus' portrayal (Hist 1.50.4; 2.5.1) of his early career. For a
more complete discussion of these posts and attendant problems of
dating, see Nicols, Vespasian, 2-7.
[[4]] Marriage and Caenis: Suet. Vesp. 3; Cass. Dio 65.14.
[[5]] Nicols, Vespasian, 12-39.
[[6]] Suet. Vesp. 4.1 For additional details on Vespasian's exploits in
Britain, see D. Dudley and G. Webster, The Roman Conquest of Britain
(London, 1965), 55 ff., 98.
[[7]] Concerning Vespasian's years between his consulship and
proconsulship, see Suet. Vesp. 4.2 and Nicols, Vespasian, 9. On his
unpopularity in Africa, see Suet. Vesp. 4.3, an account of a riot at
Hadrumentum, where he was once pelted with turnips. In recording that
Africa supported Vitellius in A.D. 69, Tacitus too suggests popular
dissatisfaction with Vespasian's proconsulship. See Hist. 2.97.2.
[[8]] This despite the fact that the sources record two rebukes of
Vespasian, one for extorting money from a young man seeking career
advancement (Suet. Vesp. 4.3), the other for either leaving the room or
dozing off during one of the emperor's recitals (Suet. Vesp. 4.4 and 14,
which places the transgression in Greece; Tac. (Ann. 16.5.3), who makes
Rome and the Quinquennial Games of A.D. 65 the setting; A. Braithwaite,
C. Suetoni Tranquilli Divus Vespasianus, Oxford, 1927, 30, who argues
for both Greece and Rome).
[[9]] Subjugation of Galilee: Joseph. BJ 3.65-4.106; siege of Jerusalem:
ibid., 4.366-376, 414.
[[10]] Revolt of Vindex: Suet. Nero 40; Tac. Ann. 14.4; revolt of Galba:
Suet. Galba 10; Plut. Galba, 4-5; suicide of Nero: Suet. Nero 49; Cass.
Dio 63.29.2. For the most complete account of the period between Nero's
death and the accession of Vespasian, see K. Wellesley, The Long Year:
A.D. 69, 2nd. ed. (Bristol, 1989).
[[11]] Tac. Hist. 2.76.
[[12]] Troops in support of Vespasian: Suet. Vit. 15; Mucianus and his
forces: Tac. Hist. 2.83; Vespasian and grain shipments: Joseph. BJ 4.605
ff.; see also Tac. Hist. 3.48, on Vespasian's possible plan to shut off
grain shipments to Italy from Carthage as well.
[[13]] On Vitellius' army and its lack of discipline, see Tac. Hist.
2.93-94; illness of army: ibid., 2.99.1; Cremona: ibid., 3.32-33.
[[14]] On Vitellius' last days, see Tac. Hist. 3.68-81. On the
complicated issue of Vitellius' death date, see L. Holzapfel, "Römische
Kaiserdaten," Klio 13 (1913): 301.
[[15]] Honors, etc. Tac. Hist 4.3. For more on the lex de imperio
Vespasiani, see P. A. Brunt, "Lex de imperio Vespasiani," JRS (67) 1977:
95-116.
[[16]] Omens: Suet. Vesp. 5; consulships and honors: ibid., 8;
succession of sons: ibid., 25.
[[17]] On Vespasian's restoration of Rome, see Suet. Vesp. 9; Cass. Dio
65.10; D. Wardel, "Vespasian, Helvidius Priscus and the Restoration of
the Capitol," Historia 45 (1996): 208-222.
[[18]] Suet. Vesp. 16.
[[19]] Ibid.; Tac. Hist. 1.50.
[[20]] Suet. Vesp. 17-19.
[[21]] Ibid., 8-10.
[[22]] On Vespasian's exploits in Britain, see esp. Tac., Agricola, eds.
R. M. Ogilvie and I. A. Richmond (1967), and W. S. Hanson, Agricola and
the Conquest of the North (1987); on the granting of Latin rights in
Spain, see, e.g., J. Gonzalez, "The Lex Irnitana: a New Copy of the
Flavian Municipal Law." JRS 76 (1986): 147-243.
[[23]] For this witticism and other anecdotes concerning Vespasian's
sense of humor, see Suet. Vesp. 23.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 1998, John Donahue. This file may be copied on the
condition that the entire contents, including the header and this
copyright notice, remain intact.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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Biff Limabaugh
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:29 am Post subject: Re: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
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"Crescentius Vespasianus" <jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:vLVQh.18329$PL.10199@newsread4.news.pas.earthlink.net...
| Quote: |
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the deaths
and misery of others,
|
Like big oil and big Pharma that Cheney let cornhole him into setting big
business policy at the expense of the average American. STFU idiot.
has returned to his tried and true game plan. But
| Quote: |
this time he's going to profit off of his wife's misery and possible
death.
On the Edwards for President web site you can send a "get well soon" card,
to his wife Elizabeth. But if you fill out the form and send the card,
expect to receive an email from the Edwards campaign asking for money.
Also
your name will be added to a contributors list, and forwarded to the DNC.
SOP, for John Edwards, to profit off of someone else's misfortune, even if
it's his wife.
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Guest
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:34 am Post subject: Crescedous McHand-Spankius Monkeyius ---CAN teach an old dog |
|
|
On Wed, 04 Apr 2007 22:36:11 GMT, "Crescentius
Vespasianus" <jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote:
| Quote: |
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the deaths
and misery of others,
|
So when he represented the disembowlment of the little
girl who sat on the Hot-tub drain (after they were
warned of the danger) he shouldn't be paid (as an
attorney)?
You're more stupid than you realize, FILEDUD |
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Guest
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:35 am Post subject: Re: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
|
|
On Wed, 04 Apr 2007 23:03:02 GMT, Sam Cade
<Ford@Madrid.county> wrote:
| Quote: |
Crescentius Vespasianus wrote:
|
Here's HandJob's writing at his best:
| Quote: |
=============================================================
"File of the Dud" <fileofthedead@earthlink.net
Sun, 10 Nov 2002 06:02:20 GMT
*-*-* *-*-*
"FUCKING ME.
Because I'm never, ever gonna feel right again
because every time I turn around, I got some
lying fuck like Hanson or Erb playing me,
robbing me, fucking me around somehow some way.
I just wish I could find some fucking way to
get myself killed so at least my wife gets
the insurance money and I don't have
deal with lying fucks like Zepp
every ninety fucking days,
in the workplace, robbing my house,
whining and whipping up more lies
to get money out of me."
"Fuck. I can't take another twenty years of this bullshit." |
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Sam Cade
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:37 am Post subject: Re: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
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Biff Limabaugh wrote:
| Quote: |
"Crescentius Vespasianus" <jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:vLVQh.18329$PL.10199@newsread4.news.pas.earthlink.net...
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the deaths
and misery of others,
Like big oil and big Pharma that Cheney let cornhole him
|
Enough faggery. |
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Sam Cade
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:38 am Post subject: Re: Crescedous McHand-Spankius Monkeyius ---CAN teach an old |
|
|
FILEDUD@Crescendo.com wrote:
| Quote: |
On Wed, 04 Apr 2007 22:36:11 GMT, "Crescentius
Vespasianus" <jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote:
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the deaths
and misery of others,
So when he represented the disembowlment of the little
girl who sat on the Hot-tub drain
|
yawn... |
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Sam Cade
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 4:38 am Post subject: Re: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
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|
Click@Knicklas.com wrote:
| Quote: |
Here's HandJob's writing at his best:
|
Isn't it sticky when you do that? |
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Biff Limabaugh
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 6:09 am Post subject: Re: Edwards----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
|
|
"Sam Cade" <Ford@Madrid.county> wrote in message
news:kFWQh.74723$Ts6.42534@fe12.news.easynews.com...
| Quote: |
Biff Limabaugh wrote:
"Crescentius Vespasianus" <jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:vLVQh.18329$PL.10199@newsread4.news.pas.earthlink.net...
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the
deaths
and misery of others,
Like big oil and big Pharma that Cheney let cornhole him
Enough faggery.
|
Enough ignoring the facts first. It's faggotry jerk off. |
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Callistus Valerius
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 11:39 am Post subject: Re: Crescedous McHand-Spankius Monkeyius ---CAN teach an old |
|
|
others,
| Quote: |
So when he represented the disembowlment of the little
girl who sat on the Hot-tub drain (after they were
warned of the danger) he shouldn't be paid (as an
attorney)?
You're more stupid than you realize, FILEDUD
--------- |
Don't you think $145,000,000 and the biggest mansion and plantation in
North Carolina is a little excessive for Edwards to profit, for this little
girls diembowlment? I see that rich people don't bother you anymore. Is it
because you did a little research on your own, and found out that the
majority are Democrats? Or did you think, that the neighbor down the
street, who just bought a new truck, was "rich", and now that you see how
the Edwards, and the Kerry's live, you now know what rich really is? |
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Guest
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 6:48 pm Post subject: Re: Crescedous McHand-Spankius Monkeyius ---CAN teach an old |
|
|
On Thu, 05 Apr 2007 06:39:08 GMT, "Callistus Valerius"
<jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote:
| Quote: |
others,
So when he represented the disembowlment of the little
girl who sat on the Hot-tub drain (after they were
warned of the danger) he shouldn't be paid (as an
attorney)?
You're more stupid than you realize, FILEDUD
---------
|
| Quote: |
Or did you think, that the neighbor down the
street, who just bought a new truck, was "rich", and now that you see how
the Edwards, and the Kerry's live, you now know what rich really is?
|
You poor sap
Those "rich" don't use their wealth and power to funnel
money from the bottom to the top, you goddamn whiney
little cockroach
Being wealthy, they use their resources and influence
on government to make sure YOU pay YOUR taxes and
ignore your incessant bitching
People like you lying sack of shit are in the business
of using their money and influence to make more money,
to make more money for those who already have money,
and literally take it from the millions who have
little.
We need more like Kerry and the Kennedys, Soros, etc to
make government policy to extract (by force if
necessary) money from wastrels like you who cry because
you have to pay your fair share.
| Quote: |
=============================================================
"File of the Dud" <fileofthedead@earthlink.net
Sun, 10 Nov 2002 06:02:20 GMT
*-*-* *-*-*
"FUCKING ME.
Because I'm never, ever gonna feel right again
because every time I turn around, I got some
lying fuck like Hanson or Erb playing me,
robbing me, fucking me around somehow some way.
I just wish I could find some fucking way to
get myself killed so at least my wife gets
the insurance money and I don't have
deal with lying fucks like Zepp
every ninety fucking days,
in the workplace, robbing my house,
whining and whipping up more lies
to get money out of me."
"Fuck. I can't take another twenty years of this bullshit." |
|
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Guest
|
| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 7:10 pm Post subject: Re: Crescedous McHand-Spankius Monkeyius ---CAN teach an old |
|
|
On Wed, 04 Apr 2007 23:38:20 GMT, Sam Cade
<Ford@Madrid.county> wrote:
| Quote: |
FILEDUD@Crescendo.com wrote:
On Wed, 04 Apr 2007 22:36:11 GMT, "Crescentius
Vespasianus" <jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote:
Edwards - can't teach an old dog new tricks.
As everyone knows John Edwards amassed a mammoth fortune off of the deaths
and misery of others,
So when he represented the disembowlment of the little
girl who sat on the Hot-tub drain
yawn...
|
You know you're snout-smacked when you can't respond |
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Guest
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 7:10 pm Post subject: Ford@Loon----can't teach an old dog new tricks. |
|
|
On Wed, 04 Apr 2007 23:38:42 GMT, Sam Cade
<Ford@Madrid.county> wrote:
| Quote: |
Click@Knicklas.com wrote:
Here's HandJob's writing at his best:
Isn't it sticky when you do that?
|
You're not even logical when you flame
Is that some kind of character flaw? |
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Guest
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| Posted: Thu Apr 05, 2007 7:10 pm Post subject: Re: Crescedous McHand-Spankius Monkeyius ---CAN teach an old |
|
|
On Thu, 05 Apr 2007 06:39:08 GMT, "Callistus Valerius"
<jazzyboss@hotmail.com> wrote:
| Quote: |
others,
So when he represented the disembowlment of the little
girl who sat on the Hot-tub drain (after they were
warned of the danger) he shouldn't be paid (as an
attorney)?
You're more stupid than you realize, FILEDUD
---------
Don't you think $145,000,000 and the biggest mansion and plantation in
North Carolina is a little excessive for Edwards to profit, for this little
girls diembowlment?
|
Not when it's coming from a company that was warned and
warned.
Punishment is a bitch, stupid. |
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